C#怎么使用WebSockets C# WebSocket服务端与客户端实现

在C#中可以通过System.Net.WebSockets命名空间提供的类来实现WebSocket通信，该命名空间包含了服务端和客户端所需的全部核心类型，无需依赖第三方库即可完成基础功能开发。

WebSocket服务端实现

服务端基于HttpListener监听请求，当接收到WebSocket请求时升级连接，之后就可以进行双向消息传输。以下是完整的服务端实现代码：

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.WebSockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace WebSocketServerDemo
{
    class Program
    {
        static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            // 创建HttpListener监听本地8080端口
            HttpListener listener = new HttpListener();
            listener.Prefixes.Add("http://localhost:8080/");
            listener.Start();
            Console.WriteLine("WebSocket服务端已启动，监听地址：http://localhost:8080/");

            while (true)
            {
                // 等待客户端连接请求
                HttpListenerContext context = await listener.GetContextAsync();
                // 判断是否为WebSocket请求
                if (context.Request.IsWebSocketRequest)
                {
                    // 处理WebSocket连接
                    Task.Run(() => ProcessWebSocketAsync(context));
                }
                else
                {
                    context.Response.StatusCode = 400;
                    context.Response.Close();
                }
            }
        }

        static async Task ProcessWebSocketAsync(HttpListenerContext context)
        {
            WebSocketContext webSocketContext = null;
            try
            {
                // 接受WebSocket连接
                webSocketContext = await context.AcceptWebSocketAsync(null);
                WebSocket webSocket = webSocketContext.WebSocket;
                Console.WriteLine("客户端已连接");

                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                // 循环接收客户端消息
                while (webSocket.State == WebSocketState.Open)
                {
                    WebSocketReceiveResult result = await webSocket.ReceiveAsync(new ArraySegment<byte>(buffer), CancellationToken.None);
                    // 如果客户端关闭连接
                    if (result.MessageType == WebSocketMessageType.Close)
                    {
                        await webSocket.CloseAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus.NormalClosure, "连接关闭", CancellationToken.None);
                        Console.WriteLine("客户端已断开连接");
                        break;
                    }

                    // 处理接收到的文本消息
                    string receivedMessage = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, result.Count);
                    Console.WriteLine($"收到客户端消息：{receivedMessage}");

                    // 向客户端发送响应消息
                    string responseMessage = $"服务端已收到消息：{receivedMessage}";
                    byte[] responseBuffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(responseMessage);
                    await webSocket.SendAsync(new ArraySegment<byte>(responseBuffer), WebSocketMessageType.Text, true, CancellationToken.None);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"服务端处理异常：{ex.Message}");
            }
            finally
            {
                webSocketContext?.WebSocket?.Dispose();
            }
        }
    }
}

WebSocket客户端实现

客户端使用ClientWebSocket类发起连接，连接建立后可以主动发送消息并接收服务端的响应。以下是客户端实现代码：

using System;
using System.Net.WebSockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace WebSocketClientDemo
{
    class Program
    {
        static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (ClientWebSocket client = new ClientWebSocket())
            {
                // 连接服务端地址
                Uri serverUri = new Uri("ws://localhost:8080/");
                await client.ConnectAsync(serverUri, CancellationToken.None);
                Console.WriteLine("已连接到WebSocket服务端");

                // 启动接收消息的任务
                Task receiveTask = Task.Run(() => ReceiveMessageAsync(client));

                // 循环发送消息
                while (client.State == WebSocketState.Open)
                {
                    Console.Write("请输入要发送的消息（输入exit退出）：");
                    string input = Console.ReadLine();
                    if (input == "exit")
                    {
                        await client.CloseAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus.NormalClosure, "客户端主动关闭", CancellationToken.None);
                        break;
                    }

                    byte[] sendBuffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input);
                    await client.SendAsync(new ArraySegment<byte>(sendBuffer), WebSocketMessageType.Text, true, CancellationToken.None);
                }

                await receiveTask;
            }
        }

        static async Task ReceiveMessageAsync(ClientWebSocket client)
        {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            try
            {
                while (client.State == WebSocketState.Open)
                {
                    WebSocketReceiveResult result = await client.ReceiveAsync(new ArraySegment<byte>(buffer), CancellationToken.None);
                    if (result.MessageType == WebSocketMessageType.Close)
                    {
                        await client.CloseAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus.NormalClosure, "连接关闭", CancellationToken.None);
                        Console.WriteLine("服务端已关闭连接");
                        break;
                    }

                    string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, result.Count);
                    Console.WriteLine($"收到服务端响应：{message}");
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"接收消息异常：{ex.Message}");
            }
        }
    }
}

核心注意事项

• 服务端需要以管理员权限运行，否则可能无法绑定指定端口
• WebSocket连接地址前缀，服务端是http，客户端连接时使用ws，如果是HTTPS则对应wss
• 收发消息时需要正确处理ArraySegment<byte>的偏移和长度，避免读取到无效数据
• 实际应用中需要添加更完善的异常处理和重连机制，避免网络波动导致连接中断

功能扩展建议

上述代码是基础实现，实际开发中可以根据需求扩展功能，比如添加消息类型区分、二进制数据传输、多客户端连接管理、心跳检测机制等。如果需要更丰富的功能，也可以考虑使用第三方库如WebSocketSharp，但原生实现已经能满足大部分基础实时通信场景的需求。

C#WebSocket服务端客户端WebSockets修改时间：2026-07-14 11:30:27